Historical and SEM-EDS Analysis of a 14th-16th Century Triangular Crucible from Sandomierz, Poland

The collection of the District Museum in Sandomierz holds a previously unidentified and unpublished triangular ceramic crucible. After at least fifty years since its acquisition, it was possible to obtain detailed information about chemical composition presumed use past. Based on analogies from Central Europe, is date typologically 14th-16th centuries. stamp mark bottom crucible points Tulln Austria as place origin. SEM-EDS analysis revealed presence graphite mass vessel well carbon iron compounds inner wall, which indicates production steel by carburising iron.